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Hugh of Wells (Hugh de Wells,〔Cheney ''From Becket to Langton'' pp. 132–133〕 or Hugh of Welles,〔 sometimes Hugh Troteman;〔Dunning ''Somerset Miscellany'' p. 30〕 died 7 February 1235) was a medieval Bishop of Lincoln. He began his career in the diocese of Bath, where he served two successive bishops, before joining royal service under King John of England. He served in the royal administration until 1209, when he was elected to the see, or bishopric, of Lincoln. When John was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III in November 1209, Hugh went into exile in France, where he remained until 1213. When he returned to England, he continued to serve both John and John's son King Henry III, but spent most of his time in his diocese. He introduced new administrative methods into the diocese, as well as working to improve the educational and financial well-being of his clergy and to secure the canonisation of his predecessor Hugh of Avalon as a saint in 1220. Although the medieval writer Matthew Paris accused Hugh of being opposed to monastic houses and monks, there is little evidence of the bishop being biased, and after his death on 7 February 1235 parts of his estate were left to religious houses, including nunneries. ==Early life== Hugh was the son of Edward of Wells and elder brother of Jocelin of Wells, Bishop of Bath.〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: volume 7: Bath and Wells: Bishops )''〕〔Gibbs and Lang ''Bishops and Reform'' p. 186〕 Hugh's year of birth is unknown, but he was probably an old man at his death in 1235. The fact that he never left his residence from March 1233 until his death implies that he was impaired from old age. He first appears as a witness on documents of Reginald fitzJocelin, the Bishop of Bath in the late 1180s. After fitzJocelin's death in 1191, Hugh continued in the service of the next bishop, Savaric FitzGeldewin. By the end of the 1190s, Hugh was a canon of Wells Cathedral. Although Hugh's brother Jocelin was given the title of ''magister'', implying that he attended a university, Hugh is never called ''magister'', making it unlikely that he ever received much schooling.〔Smith "Wells, Hugh of" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 Hugh was a keeper of the king's seal,〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: volume 3: Lincoln: Bishops )''〕 serving as deputy to Simon of Wells, the Archdeacon of Wells who was Keeper of the Great Seal from around 1199 to 1204.〔 Simon was also a relative of Hugh's, and seems to have helped secure positions for both Hugh and Jocelin in the royal administration.〔Turner ''King John'' p. 46〕 Hugh was a royal clerk in the chancery, the royal secretariat, and was named Archdeacon of Wells sometime before 25 April 1204. He held prebends in the diocese of Lincoln and diocese of London as well.〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: volume 7: Bath and Wells: Archdeacons of Wells )''〕 His service in the chancery would have involved him in Hubert Walter's administrative innovations during his term as Chancellor.〔 Besides his episcopal appointments, Hugh was rewarded with two manors in Somerset,〔 including the Treasurer's House in Martock which he made his primary residence,〔Emery ''Greater Medieval Houses'' p. 589〕 and the right to collect taxes and fines in two hundreds in Somerset. He also served as the royal custodian of the diocese of Lincoln while the see was vacant between 1200 and 1203, collecting the revenues of the see, most of which went to the king while a see was without a bishop. In 1205 and 1206, Hugh was royal custodian for the diocese of Bath, which was similarly vacant.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hugh of Wells」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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